Middle and High School Education

Chair: Joye Smith (Carman Hall, Room B29)

Department Faculty: Professors: Herminio Martinez, Stanley F. Taback; Associate Professors: Russell P. Bradshaw, Serigne M. Gningue; Assistant Professors: Gillian Bayne, Cecelia Cutler, Margo Dellicarpini, David Fletcher, Amanda Gulla, Immaculee Harushimana, Angela Kelly, Wesley Pitts, Jessica Shiller, Joye Smith; Substitute Assistant Professors: Jennifer Marien, Luis Reyes; Instructor: David Hyman.

Coordinators (Carman Hall, Room B29): Jessica Shiller, Social Studies Education; Gillian Bayne and Wesley Pitts, Science Education; David Fletcher, Undergraduate Coordinator; Amanda Gulla, English Education; Margo Dellicarpini, Bilingual Education and Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (T.E.S.O.L.); Joye Smith, Foreign Language Education; Serigne Gningue and Stanley F. Taback, Mathematics Education

For advisement about teacher certification in these and other areas, check with the Division Certification Officer (Carman Hall, Room B33).

The Department of Middle and High School Education offers the following programs described below:

• M.S.Ed. in Business and Technology Education (Students are not currently being accepted into this program.)

• M.S.Ed. in English Education

• Advanced Certificate: English Education (21-24 credits)

• M.S.Ed. in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (T.E.S.O.L.)

• Advanced Certificate: T.E.S.O.L.

• M.S.Ed. in Mathematics Education (5-9 or 7-12)

• Advanced Certificate: Mathematics Education (21-24 credits)

• M.S.Ed. in Science Education

• Advanced Certificate: Science Teacher (21-24 credits)

• M.A. for Secondary School Teachers of Social Studies

• Advanced Certificate: Social Studies Education (21-24 credits)

• Advanced Certificate: Bilingual Extension (Birth-Grade 12)

• Advanced Certificate: Languages Other than English Education (15-18 credits)

Students interested in obtaining a master's degree in other secondary-school certification areas should also consult information contained within this Bulletin under the relevant department(s) and meet with an adviser in the Department of Middle and High School Education.

In addition, individual programs may require the fulfillment of undergraduate-level prerequisites. These prerequisites cannot be used to fulfill degree requirements in graduate programs and must be taken in addition to degree requirements. See individual program advisors for information and guidance.

Middle and High School Education programs engage students in work that relates to their experiences as classroom teachers and expands their horizons to new opportunities in their schools and districts. The programs provide both theory and hands-on techniques for instruction and classroom management. An experiential, problem-solving approach to instruction combines time-honored methods with the latest technologies for building broad, transferable personal and occupational skills. Programs provide a background in theories of learning, the social and philosophical foundations of education, curriculum design, methods of teaching, and research techniques critical for all teachers.

M.S.ED. Program in Business and Technology Education*

*Students are not currently being accepted into this program.

This program leads to a master's degree in Business and Technology Education. It can also provide initial certification in teaching business and marketing subjects. Upon completion of additional requirements, candidates will be eligible to receive New York State professional certification to teach business and marketing subjects. The M.S.Ed. program in Business and Technology Education is designed for two groups of students:

Sequence 1 (33-36 credits). Holders of bachelor's degrees who majored in an area of business and are seeking initial certification as teachers of business and marketing.

Sequence 2 (30 credits). Holders of bachelor's degrees who majored in an area of business and are seeking a master's degree but not certification. Students in this sequence may wish to teach in adult learning settings, such as private business schools, community colleges, and training institutes.

Admission Requirements

Degree Requirements

All courses must be selected in consultation with, and with the approval, of an adviser in business and technology education. All students will complete the 30-credit program listed below. Sequence 1 students will complete the basic program plus student teaching or its equivalent: ESC 595 (3) or ESC 596 (6).

Overview of the Program

The basic, 30-credit curriculum, in three instructional modules, is as follows:

(I) Core Education Sequence (15 credits): ESC 501 (3), ESC 502 (3), ESC 520 (3), ESC 529 (3), ESC 536 (3)

(II) Research or Curriculum Development (15 credits): Students follow either the research sequence (A) or the curriculum sequence (B).

(III) Internship or Student Teaching (for students in Sequence 1 and working toward teacher certification) (3-6 credits): ESC 595 (3) or ESC 596 (6).

M.S.ED. Program in English Education

This program is designed for students seeking a master's degree in English Education, grades 7-12. Upon successful completion of additional certification requirements, including specified teacher examinations, candidates will also be eligible to receive both Initial and Professional Certification to teach English in New York State in grades 7-12.

Admission Requirements

1. Possess a bachelor's degree in English or its equivalent from an accredited college or university.

2. Have earned a minimum cumulative index of 3.0 in the undergraduate record.

3. Submit scores on the New York State Liberal Arts and Sciences Test (L.A.S.T.)

4. If conditionally admitted, make up undergraduate coursework starting in the first semester and finishing in no more than three consecutive semesters.

5. Submit a 500-word essay outlining career goals.

6. Submit two to three letters of recommendation.

7. Participate in an individual interview.

8. For Sequence 2 only, possess Transitional B certificate in Teaching English grades 7-12.

Degree Requirements

All students will complete one of the following sequences: 36-45 credits (Sequence 1) or 33 credits (Sequence 2). All courses must be selected in consultation with, and with the approval of, an adviser in English Education. Applicants for this degree include:

Sequence 1 (36-45 credits): Candidates with an undergraduate degree in English or the equivalent who lack education courses and who seek initial certification in English Education grades 7-12.

  1. Core Education (15-18 credits): ESC 501 (3), 502 (3), 529 (3), 522 (3), 595 (3) OR 596 (6).
  2. Teaching of English (6-9 credits): Selected from: ESC 720 (3), 721 (3), 722 (3), 723 (3), 724 (3), 730 (3), or 772 (3).
  3. English Electives (9-12 credits): Consult with an adviser in the English Education program for the appropriate course(s) to satisfy this requirement.
  4. Research (6 credits): ESC 705 (3), 706 (1), and 707 (2). Sequence culminates in an approved master's project.

Sequence 2 (33 credits): Teachers who hold a valid Transitional B certificate in English Education grades 7-12 from New York State.

  1. Core Education (12 credits): ESC 501 (3), 529 (3), 522 (3), and 595 (3).
  2. Teaching of English (9 credits): Selected from: ESC 720 (3), 721 (3), 722 (3), 723 (3), 724 (3), 730 (3), or 772 (3).
  3. English Electives (9 credits): Consult with an adviser in the English Education program for the appropriate course(s) to satisfy this requirement.
  4. Master's Project (3 credits): ESC 708 (3). Culminates in an approved curriculum project.

Advanced Certificate in English Education (21-24 Credits)

This program is designed for candidates who already have a master's degree in English or a related field and who seek New York State certification.

Program Requirements

Students must consult with an adviser in the English Education program before starting their certificate program. During their first semester, matriculated students are required to plan their program with an English Education adviser. All students must complete the 21-24 credit curriculum below. In order to be recommended for N.Y.S. certification at the completion of the Certificate Program, candidates must pass the L.A.S.T., the C.S.T. in English, and the Written Assessment of Teaching Skills (A.T.S.-W), and meet all additional New York State foreign language, arts, and science requirements.

Admission Requirements

Curriculum

The 21-24 credit certificate curriculum consists of three instructional areas:

I. Foundations of Education (9 credits)

ESC 501: Psychological Foundations of Education (3 credits)

ESC 502: Social Foundations of Education: A Multicultural Perspective (3 credits)

ESC 529: Language, Literacy, and Technology in Education (3 credits)

II. Methods, Curriculum, and Instruction (9 credits)

ESC 522: Teaching English in Middle and High School (3 credits) and 6 additional credits to be selected in consultation with the program coordinator from the courses below:

ESC 720: Reading and Reading Materials in the Middle and High School

ESC 721: Literature for Middle and High School Students

ESC 724: Methods of Teaching Writing in the Middle and High School

III. Practicum (3-6 credits)

ESC 595: Internship in Classroom Teaching (3 credits) OR

ESC 596: Student Teaching in Middle and High School Grades (6 credits)

M.S.ED. Program in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (T.E.S.O.L.)

This program is designed for students seeking a master's degree in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (T.E.S.O.L.). It can also provide initial New York State certification in English to speakers of other languages (E.S.O.L.) for teachers (Birth-grade 12), or additional E.S.O.L. certification for those already certified. Holders of this master's degree can obtain professional certification in E.S.O.L. upon completion of additional requirements. Applicants for this degree include:

Sequence 1 (30 credits): Students who already possess New York State certification and who seek additional certification as teachers of E.S.O.L. Birth-grade 12.

Sequence 2 (36-39 credits): Liberal arts and sciences graduates who lack education courses and who seek initial certification in E.S.O.L. Birth-grade 12.

Sequence 3 (30-33 credits): Teachers and prospective teachers of adult education and others who desire advanced study in T.E.S.O.L. but are not seeking Birth-grade 12 certification.

Sequence 4 (33 credits): Teachers who hold a valid Transitional B certificate in T.E.S.O.L. from New York State.

Admission Requirements

  1. Possess a bachelor's degree (or its equivalent) from an accredited college or university that meets New York State requirements for a general education core in the liberal arts and sciences. This degree shall include a minimum of 6 credits in English literature.
  2. For Sequence 1, possess New York State teacher certification. For Sequence 4, hold a valid New York State Transitional B certificate in T.E.S.O.L.
  3. For Sequence 2, submit scores on the New York State Liberal Arts and Sciences Test (L.A.S.T.).
  4. Demonstrate the ability to pursue graduate study successfully by having an undergraduate index of B or a master's degree.
  5. Demonstrate the study of a language and culture other than English (12 credits) or an equivalent experience.
  6. Submit two (2) letters of recommendation and a 500-word essay on career goals.
  7. Participate in an interview that requires producing a writing sample in English, or, if the applicant resides abroad and cannot participate in an interview, present a Test of Spoken English (T.S.E.) score of at least 55.
  8. If the undergraduate degree was earned in a language other than English, present a paper-based T.O.E.F.L. score of at least 600 and a Test of Written English (T.W.E.) score of at least 6, or a computer-based T.O.E.F.L. score of at least 250, or evidence of a master's degree earned in English.
  9. Satisfy appropriate voice, speech, and health standards.
  10. Meet additional departmental, divisional, and New York State requirements, if any.
  11. If conditionally admitted, make up requirements starting in the first semester and finishing in no more than three consecutive semesters.

Degree Requirements

Students must consult with an adviser in the T.E.S.O.L. program before starting their master's program. During their first semester, matriculated students are required to plan their graduate program with an adviser in the T.E.S.O.L. program. All students will complete the curriculum corresponding to one of the sequences below: 30 credits (Sequence 1); 36-39 credits (Sequence 2); 30-33 credits (Sequence 3); or 30-33 credits (Sequence 4). All courses must be selected in consultation with, and with the approval of, an adviser in T.E.S.O.L.

Curriculum: Sequence 1 (30 credits)

The 30-credit curriculum for Sequence 1 consists of five instructional areas.

  1. Language Education (12): SPE 703 (3), ESC 725 (3), 759 (3), and 760 (3).
  2. Cultural Perspectives (3): ESC 769 (3) or another course in cultural perspectives selected in consultation with the adviser.
  3. Methods, Materials, and Evaluation (9): EDC/EDE 727 (3), ESC 761 (3), and 766 (3).
  4. Practicum (3): ESC 797 (3).
  5. Master's Project (3): ESC 708 (3). Culminates in an approved curriculum project.

Curriculum: Sequence 2 (36-39 credits)

The 36-39 credit curriculum for Sequence 2 consists of six instructional areas.

  1. General Education (6): ESC 501 (3) and 502 (3).
  2. Language Education (12): SPE 703 (3), ESC 725 (3), 759 (3), and 760 (3).
  3. Cultural Perspectives (3): ESC 769 (3) or another course in cultural perspectives selected in consultation with the adviser.
  4. Methods, Materials, and Evaluation (9): EDC/EDE 727 (3), ESC 761 (3), and 766 (3).
  5. Practicum (3-6): ESC 797 (3-6).
  6. Master's Project (3): ESC 708 (3). Culminates in an approved curriculum project.

Curriculum: Sequence 3 (30-33 credits)

The 30-33 credit curriculum for Sequence 3 consists of six instructional areas.

  1. General Education (6): ESC 501 (3) and 502 (3).
  2. Language Education (9): SPE 703 (3), ESC 725 (3), and 760 (3).
  3. Cultural Perspectives (3): ESC 769 (3) or another course in cultural perspectives selected in consultation with the adviser.
  4. Methods, Materials, and Evaluation (6): ESC 761 (3) and 766 (3).
  5. Practicum (3-6): ESC 797 (3-6).
  6. Master's Project (3): ESC 708 (3). Culminates in an approved curriculum project.

Curriculum: Sequence 4 (30-33 credits)

The 30-33-credit curriculum for Sequence 4 consists of six instructional areas.

  1. General Education (3): ESC 502 (3).
  2. Language Education (12): SPE 703 (3), ESC 725 (3), 759 (3), and 760 (3).
  3. Cultural Perspectives (3): ESC 769 (3) or another course in cultural perspectives selected in consultation with the adviser.
  4. Methods, Materials, and Evaluation (9): EDC/EDE 727 (3), ESC 761 (3), and 766 (3).
  5. Practicum (3-6, depending on the candidate's prior documentable teaching experiences): ESC 611 (0), 612 (0), 797 (3).
  6. Master's Project (3): ESC 708 (3). Culminates in an approved curriculum project.

Additional Requirements for Initial and Professional Certification in T.E.S.O.L. and E.S.O.L.

In order to be recommended for initial certification in T.E.S.O.L .Birth-grade 12, students must: (a) complete the master's degree (Sequences 2 or 4) with a cumulative index of 3.0 or better; and (b) present passing scores on the following New York State examinations: L.A.S.T., A.T.S.-W., and E.S.O.L.

In order to qualify for professional certification in E.S.O.L., in addition to the master's degree (Sequences 1, 2, or 4), teachers must complete one year of mentored, full-time teaching and two years of full-time teaching in a public or private school which serves Birth-grade 12, and must meet any additional New York State requirements.

ADVANCED CERTIFICATE: TEACHING ENGLISH TO SPEAKERS OF OTHER LANGUAGES (TESOL)

This program is designed for students who already have a master's degree, who possess New York State teacher certification, and who seek additional New York State certification in teaching English to speakers of other languages (T.E.S.O.L.) Birth-grade 12.

Admission Requirements

Certificate Requirements

Students must consult with an adviser in the T.E.S.O.L. program before starting their certificate program. During their first semester, matriculated students are required to plan their program with a T.E.S.O.L. adviser. All students must complete the 24-credit curriculum below.

In order to be recommended for certification, candidates must complete the Advanced Certificate: T.E.S.O.L. program with a cumulative index of 3.0 or better, present passing scores on the E.S.O.L. content area examination, and meet any additional New York State requirements.

Curriculum

The 24-credit certificate curriculum consists of three instructional areas:

Language Education (12): SPE 703 (3), ESC 759 (3), ESC 760 (3), ESC 725 (3).

Methods, Materials, and Evaluation (9): EDC/ EDE 727 (3), ESC 761 (3), and ESC 766 (3).

Practicum (3): ESC 797 (3-6).

M.S.ED. Program in Mathematics Education, Middle Childhood Education (5-9) or Adolescent Education (7-12)

The graduate program for middle and high school mathematics teachers leads to a Master of Science in Education degree. Registered with the State Education Department, this program leads to both initial and professional certification to teach mathematics in grades 5-9 or 7-12, provided all other requirements have been satisfied.

To be eligible for the Master's in Mathematics Education for Grades 5-9, candidates must fall into one of the following categories:

Sequence 1 (33-39 credits). For liberal arts and sciences graduates who have completed 18 credits in mathematics, including Calculus I and Calculus II, but who lack professional education coursework.

Sequence 2 (32-35 credits). For teachers who hold a Transitional B certificate in Mathematics from New York State through special CUNY and N.Y.C.D.O.E. programs.

Admission Requirements

  1. A bachelor's degree (or its equivalent) from an accredited college or university with an overall index of 2.7 or better.
  2. Mathematics course work of at least 18 credits that include Calculus I and II, with an overall index of 2.7 or better in all mathematics courses taken.
  3. For Sequence 2, must be eligible for a valid Transitional B Certificate from N.Y.S.E.D.
  4. Provide evidence of having taken the New York State Liberal Arts and Sciences Test (L.A.S.T.) and the New York State Content Specialty Test (C.S.T.) in Mathematics.
  5. If conditionally admitted, make up requirements starting in the first semester and finishing in no more than three consecutive semesters.
  6. Two letters of recommendation, at least one of which is from a college or university instructor of mathematics.
  7. A 500 word essay on career goals.
  8. A personal interview.

Degree Requirements (5-9)

Students must consult with a Mathematics Education advisor before starting their master's program and must plan their overall program with the advisor during their semester of attendance. Students must complete one of the two sequences outlined below

Sequence 1.(1)30 credits of prescribed course work; (2)3-6 credits of supervised fieldwork; (3)A comprehensive examination OR research project (3); and (4)Maintain B average.

Sequence 2.(1)30 credits of prescribed course work; (2)2 credits of supervised fieldwork; (3)A comprehensive examination OR research project (3); and (4)Maintain B average.

Overview of the Program (5-9)

Sequence 1: Students must successfully complete:

Sequence 2 (Transitional B-Grades 5-9). Students must successfully complete:

Curriculum Sequence 1(Grades 5-9)33-39 credits

Core Education Courses: (12-15 credits)

ESC 501: Educational Psychology (3)

ESC 502: Historical and Social Foundations of Education (3)

ESC 532: Teaching Mathematics in Middle and High School (3)

AND ESC 595: Internship in Mathematics (3) OR ESC 596: Student Teaching in Mathematics (6)

Pedagogical Content in Mathematics Education (9 credits)

ESC 740: Teaching Mathematics in Grades 7-10 (3)

ESC 742: Research in Mathematics Education (3)

ESC 748: Teaching Problem Solving in Mathematics in Middle & High School (3)

Mathematics (12 credits)

MAT 601: Secondary Mathematics from an Advanced Standpoint (3)

MAT 602: Introduction to Number Theory & Modern Algebra (3)

MAT 655: Exploring Mathematics Using Technology (2)

MAT 661: History of Mathematics (4)

Culminating Experience (0-3 credits)

ESC 706: Research in Problems of Teaching a Specialized Subject (1)

ESC 707: Project Seminar (2)OR Comprehensive Examination (0 credit)

Sequence 2 (Transitional B Sequence for Grades 5-9)32-35 credits

I. Core Education Courses: (11 credits)

ESC 501: Educational Psychology (3)

ESC 502: Historical and Social Foundations of Education (3)

ESC 532: Teaching Mathematics in Middle and High School (3)

AND ESC 595: Internship in Classroom Teaching (2)

II. Pedagogical Content in Mathematics Education (9 credits)

ESC 740: Teaching Mathematics in Grades 7-10 (3)

ESC 742: Research in Mathematics Education (3)

ESC 748: Teaching Problem Solving in Mathematics in Middle & High School (3)

III. Mathematics (12 credits)

MAT 601: Secondary Mathematics from an Advanced Standpoint (3)

MAT 602: Introduction to Number Theory & Modern Algebra (3)

MAT 655: Exploring Mathematics Using Technology (2)

MAT 661: History of Mathematics (4)

IV. Culminating Experience (0-3 credits)

ESC 706: Research in Problems of Teaching a Specialized Subject (1)

ESC 707: Project Seminar (2) OR Comprehensive Examination (0 credit)

Continuation Requirements

Students must maintain a 3.0 grade point average throughout the course of study.

To be eligible for the Master's in Mathematics Education for Grades 7-12, candidates must fall into one of the following categories:

Sequence 3 (39- 45 credits). For liberal arts and sciences graduates who do not hold a bachelor's degree in mathematics but who have completed 15 credits in mathematics, including Statistics, Calculus I, Calculus II, Linear Algebra, and History of Mathematics, but who lack professional education coursework.

Sequence 4 (33-39 credits). For candidates who hold a bachelor degree in mathematics only, but who lack professional education coursework.

Sequence 5 (32-35 credits). For teachers who hold a bachelor's degree in mathematics AND are eligible for a Transitional B Certificate in Mathematics from New York State through special CUNY and N.Y.C.D.O.E. programs.

Sequence 6 (38-41 credits). For liberal arts and sciences graduates who do not hold a bachelor's degree in mathematics but who are eligible for a Transitional B Certificate in Mathematics from N.Y.S. through special CUNY and N.Y.C.D.O.E. programs and have completed 15 credits in mathematics, including Statistics, Calculus I, Calculus II, Linear Algebra, and History of Mathematics, but who lack professional education coursework.

Admission Requirements

  1. A bachelor's degree (or its equivalent) from an accredited college or university with an overall index of 2.7 or better.
  2. For Sequence 3: Mathematics course work to include Statistics; Calculus I; Calculus II; Linear Algebra; and History of Mathematics; with an overall index of 2.7 or better in all mathematics courses taken
  3. For Sequence 4: Mathematics major
  4. For Sequence 5: Mathematics major AND N.Y.S. Transitional B Certificate
  5. For Sequence 6: Mathematics course work to include Statistics; Calculus I; Calculus II; Linear Algebra; and History of Mathematics; with an overall index of 2.7 or better in all mathematics courses taken; and N.Y.S. Transitional B Certificate.
  6. Provide evidence of having taken the New York State Liberal Arts and Sciences Test (L.A.S.T.) and the New York State Content Specialty Test (C.S.T.) in Mathematics.
  7. If conditionally admitted, make up requirements starting in the first semester and finishing in no more than three consecutive semesters.
  8. Two letters of recommendation, at least one of which is from a college or university instructor of mathematics.
  9. A 500-word essay on career goals.
  10. A personal interview.

Degree Requirements (Grades 7-12)

Students must consult with a Mathematics Education advisor before starting their master's program and must plan their overall program with the advisor during their first semester of attendance. Students must complete one of the three sequences outlined below:

Sequence 3. (1) 36 credits of prescribed course work; (2) 3-6 credits of supervised fieldwork; (3) A comprehensive examination OR research project (3); and (4) Maintain B average.

Sequence 4. (1) 30 credits of prescribed course work; (2) 3-6 credits of supervised fieldwork; (3) A comprehensive examination OR research project (3); and (4) Maintain B average.

Sequence 5. (1) 30 credits of prescribed course work; (2) 2 credits of supervised fieldwork; (3) A comprehensive examination OR research project (3); and (4) Maintain B average.

Sequence 6. (1) 36 credits of prescribed course work; (2) 2 credits of supervised fieldwork; (3) A comprehensive examination OR research project (0-3); and (4) Maintain B average.

Overview of the Program

Sequence 3 (Grades 7-12)

Students must successfully complete:

Note: Students who lack full-time experience as a mathematics teacher in grades 7-12 prior to completion of the program must register for 6 credits of supervised student teaching in lieu of the 3 credits of supervised fieldwork.

Sequence 4

Math Majors who do NOT hold a N.Y.S. Transitional B Certificate, 7-12). Students must successfully complete:

Note: Students who lack full-time experience as a mathematics teacher in grades 7-12 prior to completion of the program must register for 6 credits of supervised student teaching in lieu of the 3 credits of supervised fieldwork.

Sequence 5

Math Majors who are eligible for a N.Y.S. Transitional B Certificate, 7-12. Students must successfully complete:

Sequence 6

Non Math Majors who are eligible for a N.Y.S. Transitional B Certificate - Grades 7-12. Students must successfully complete:

Curriculum

Sequence 3(Grades 7-12)39- 45 credits

  1. Core Education Courses: (12-15 credits): ESC 501 (3); ESC 502 (3); ESC 532 (3); AND ESC 595 (3) OR ESC 596 (6);
  2. Pedagogical Content in Mathematics Education (12 credits): ESC 740 (3); ESC 742 (3); ESC 748 (3); ESC 749 (3);
  3. Mathematics (15 credits): MAT 601 (3); MAT 604 (3); MAT 637 (4); MAT 655 (2); MAT 615 (3).
  4. Culminating Experience (0-3 credits): Research project or comprehensive examination. Students who elect to write a Master's thesis must concurrently enroll in ESC 706 (1) and ESC 707 (2).

Sequence 4(Grades 7-12)33-39 credits

  1. Core Education Courses: (12-15 credits): ESC 501 (3); ESC 502 (3); ESC 532 (3); AND ESC 595 (3) OR ESC 596 (6);
  2. Pedagogical Content in Mathematics Education (12 credits): ESC 740 (3); ESC 742 (3); ESC 748 (3); ESC 749 (3);
  3. Mathematics (9 credits): Three graduate electives in mathematics chosen in consultation with a program advisor;
  4. Culminating Experience (0-3 credits). Research project or comprehensive examination. Students who elect to write a Master's thesis must concurrently enroll in ESC 706 (1) and ESC 707 (2).

Sequence 5 (Math Majors who are eligible for a N.Y.S. Transitional B Certificate, 7-12)32-35 credits

  1. Core Education Courses: (11 credits): ESC 501 (3); ESC 502 (3); ESC 532 (3); ESC 595 (2);
  2. Pedagogical Content in Mathematics Education (12 credits): ESC 740 (3); ESC 742 (3); ESC 748 (3); ESC 749 (3);
  3. Mathematics (9 credits): Three graduate electives in mathematics chosen in consultation with a program advisor;
  4. Culminating Experience (0-3 credits). Research project or comprehensive examination. Students who elect to write a Master's thesis must concurrently enroll in ESC 706 (1) and ESC 707 (2).

Sequence 6 (Non Math Majors who are eligible for a N.Y.S. Transitional B Certificate - Grades 7-12) (38- 41 credits)

  1. Core Education Courses (11 credits): ESC 501 (3); ESC 502 (3); ESC 532 (3); AND ESC 595 (2);
  2. Pedagogical Content in Mathematics Education (12 credits): ESC 740 (3); ESC 742 (3); ESC 748 (3); ESC 749 (3);
  3. Mathematics (15 credits): MAT 601 (3); MAT 604 (3); MAT 637 (4); MAT 655 (2); MAT 615 (3).
  4. Culminating Experience (0-3 credits): Research project or comprehensive examination. Students who elect to write a Master's thesis must concurrently enroll in ESC 706 (1) and ESC 707 (2).

Advanced Certificate in Mathematics Education (21-24 Credits)

This program is designed for candidates who hold a bachelor's degree in Mathematics and a master's degree in Mathematics or in an approved Mathematics-related field, and who seek New York State certification in Mathematics, grades 7-12.

Admission Requirements

Certificate Requirements

The Certificate Program in Mathematics Education consists of 21-24 credits, as outlined below. A minimum of a B average must be maintained throughout the course of the program. All students are to consult with an adviser in Mathematics Education before starting the program. In order to be recommended for N.Y.S. certification at the completion of the program, candidates must have passed the L.A.S.T., the C.S.T. in Mathematics, and the N.Y.S. Written Assessment of Teaching Skills (A.T.S.-W.); they must also meet any additional requirements set by New York State.

Curriculum

M.S.ED. Program in Science Education

This program leads to a master's degree in Science Education. Upon completion of additional requirements, candidates will be eligible to receive New York State Initial Certification to teach one or more of the following sciences at the level of adolescent education (Grades 7-12): biology, chemistry, earth science, general science, and physics.

To be eligible for the Science Education Master's Program, potential students must fall into one of the following categories:

Sequence 1: For candidates who have, or are eligible for, Initial Certification in subjects other than science and who seek certification as science teachers.

Sequence 2: For candidates who have completed at least 36 credits in biology, chemistry, geology, or physics, but who lack professional education coursework and who seek Initial Certification.

Sequence 3: For candidates who hold a valid Transitional B certificate in biology, chemistry, earth science, general science, or physics, grades 7-12, from New York State.

Admission Requirements

  1. Possess a bachelor's degree (or its equivalent) from an accredited college or university with an overall index of 3.0 or better.
  2. Demonstrate the ability to successfully pursue graduate study. (Above-average achievement in academic work and in the teaching specialization is required).
  3. Submission of scores on the New York State Liberal Arts and Sciences Test (L.A.S.T.) and Content Specialty Test (C.S.T).
  4. For Sequence 1 Admission: An undergraduate science major or the equivalent and a minor in middle and high school education or the equivalent.
  5. For Sequence 2 and 3 Admission: At least 36 credits in biology, chemistry, geology, or physics. Matriculants may be asked to complete undergraduate and/or graduate prerequisite coursework in addition to degree requirements, based on the evaluation of their credentials by an adviser in the Science Education Program.
  6. Satisfy appropriate voice, speech, and health standards.
  7. Submit two letters of recommendation, at least one of which is from a college or university science instructor.
  8. Personal interview.

Degree Requirements

Students must consult with an adviser in the Science Education Program before starting their master's program. During their first semester, matriculated students are required to plan their graduate program with an adviser in the Science Education Program. Students must complete one of the two sequences outlined below.

Curriculum

The curriculum for each sequence is distributed in four instructional modules as follows:

Sequence 1 (33-36 credits)

  1. Core Education Sequence (3-6 credits): ESC 529 (3) Based on the Program Coordinator's assessment of prior experience and qualification, candidates may also be required to take ESC 519 (3).
  2. Curriculum and Instruction (12 credits): ESC 722 (3), ESC 755 (3), ESC 767 (3), ESC 770 (3).
  3. Research and Culmination Projects (6 credits): ESC 705 (3), ESC 706 (1), ESC 707 (2).
  4. Science Content (12 credits): Science content course requirements must align with undergraduate science preparation and with intended certification subject area. Consult with an adviser in the Science Education Program for the appropriate course(s) to satisfy this requirement. Such courses may include but are not limited to:

Sequence 2 (39-48 credits)

  1. Core Education Sequence (15-18 credits): ESC 501 (3), ESC 502 (3), ESC 519 (3), ESC 529 (3), AND ESC 595 (3) or ESC 596 (6).
  2. Curriculum and Instruction (12 credits): ESC 722 (3), ESC 755 (3), ESC 767 (3), ESC 770 (3) .
  3. Research and Culmination Projects (6 credits): ESC 705 (3), ESC 7061,2 (1), ESC 7072 (2)
  4. Science Content (6-12 credits): Science content course requirements must align with undergraduate science preparation and with intended certification subject area. Consult with an adviser in the Science Education Program for the appropriate course(s) to satisfy this requirement. Such courses may include but are not limited to:

Sequence 3 (31-33 credits)

  1. Core Education Sequence (10 credits): ESC 501 (3), 502 (3), 519 (3), 611 (0.5) and 612 (0.5).
  2. Curriculum and Instruction (9 credits): ESC 722 (3), 755 (3), 767 (3).
  3. Research and Culmination Projects (6 credits): ESC 705 (3), 7061,2 (1), 7072 (2).
  4. Science Content (6-8 credits): Science content course requirements must align with undergraduate science preparation and with intended certification subject area. One of the courses must be identified as for candidates who are teaching or plan to teach science in secondary schools. Consult with an adviser in the Science Education Program for the appropriate course(s) to satisfy this requirement. Such courses may include but are not limited to:

1. Must be taken concurrently with ESC 707.

2. Students who already hold a master's degree and have completed a research project as a requirement for that degree may elect to take a comprehensive examination and substitute 3 credits of electives for ESC 706 and ESC 707 with the approval of the Graduate Adviser.

Advanced Certificate: Science Education (21-24 Credits)

This program is designed for candidates who already have a bachelor's and a master's degree in Biology, Chemistry, Geology, or Physics and who seek New York State Certification in one of the following content areas: Biology, Chemistry, Earth Science, and Physics, grades 7-12.

Program Requirements

Students must consult with an adviser in the Science Education program before starting their certificate program. During their first semester, matriculated students are required to plan their program with a Science Education adviser. All students must complete the 21-24 credit curriculum below. In order to be recommended for N.Y.S. certification at the completion of the Certificate Program, candidates must pass the L.A.S.T., the C.S.T. in one of the sciences, the Written Assessment of Teaching Skills (A.T.S.-W), and meet any additional New York State requirements.

Admission Requirements

Curriculum

The 21-24-credit certificate curriculum consists of three instructional areas:

I. Foundations of Education (9 credits)

ESC 501: Psychological Foundations of Education (3 credits) AND

ESC 502: Social Foundations of Education: A Multicultural Perspective (3 credits) AND

ESC 529: Language, Literacy, and Technology in Education (3 credits)

II. Methods, Curriculum, and Instruction (9 credits)

ESC 519: Teaching Science in Middle and High School (3 credits) AND 6 additional credits to be selected in consultation with the Program Coordinator from the courses below:

ESC 722: Teaching Communication Skills in Content Areas (3 credits)

ESC 755: Teaching the Historical Foundations of Science (3 credits)

ESC 767: The Museum as a Resource for Teaching Science (3 credits)

ESC 770: Methods of Teaching Science in Secondary School: Special Topics (3 credits)

III. Practicum (3-6 credits)

ESC 595: Internship in Classroom Teaching (3 credits) OR

ESC 596: Student Teaching in Middle and High School Grades (6 credits)

M.A. Program in Social Studies Education

The Master of Arts degree program in Social Studies is registered with New York State and leads to Initial and Professional Certification as a Teacher of Social Studies: Grades 7-12, provided all other requirements have been met.

In our rapidly globalizing society and in large urban school systems with diverse multicultural student populations, the teaching of Social Studies is more important than ever before. The goal of Lehman's social studies program is to produce reflective, competent, and concerned citizens. This program emphasizes the interrelationship between thinking, skillful action, and feeling—since all are vital for the development of active citizens.

Admissions Requirements

  1. Anthropology
  2. Sociology
  3. Geography
  4. Political science
  5. Economics
  6. Psychology
  7. Two history survey courses, one in U.S. history and one in European or world history.

Degree Requirements

To be eligible for the Master of Arts degree in Social Studies, students must successively complete the following 36-39 credit sequence:

I. Content Core

Students must satisfy the following required areas of study. These requirements may be met by either graduate courses or by undergraduate coursework taken prior to or after commencement of graduate study. Undergraduate transcripts will be evaluated on an individual basis as part of the admissions process. Lehman undergraduates can satisfy these requirements prior to admission in the master's program by choosing courses for their distribution requirements in the areas listed.

  1. Anthropology
  2. Sociology
  3. Geography
  4. Political science
  5. Economics
  6. Psychology
  7. Two history survey courses, one in U.S. history and one in European or world history.

History courses (15 credits)

All students must take: HIU 534 and HIW 533. The remaining 9 credits to be chosen in consultation with the Program Advisor.

II. Pedagogical Core

A total of 18 graduate credits (or equivalent) in sequence:

9 credits in general education sequence:

ESC 501 (3): Psychological Foundations of Education.

ESC 502 (3): Historical Foundations of Education: A Multicultural Perspective.

ESC 529 (3): Language, Literacy and Educational Technology.

9 credits in the Social Studies Education sequence:

(Candidates must have submitted passing scores to the Program Coordinator from the L.A.S.T. (Liberal Arts and Science Test) prior to enrolling in ESC 533: Teaching World History in Middle and High School and/or ESC 534: Teaching U.S. History and Government.)

ESC 533 (3): Teaching World History in Middle and High School.

ESC 534 (3): Teaching U.S. History and Government.

ESC 708 (3): Project Seminar in Curriculum, Materials, and Assessment in Specialized Areas.

Successfully complete a culminating project in ESC 708. See Program Coordinator for culminating project requirements.

III. Practicum

Candidates must obtain a B or better in each methods course AS WELL AS HAVE PASSED THE A.T.S.-W to be eligible for Student Teaching (ESC 596) or Student Internship (ESC 595).

ESC 595 (3): Internship in Classroom Teaching OR ESC 596 (6): Student Teaching in Middle and High School (1 full-time semester supervised student teaching).

To graduate, students must complete all degree requirements, including educational core courses, and any additional requirements including pedagogical, content area and/or distribution courses with an overall GPA of 3.0 or better.

Certificate Requirements

If other courses are taken, or equivalency requested, additional hours of classroom observations may be required in order to meet N.Y.S.E.D. certification requirements of 100 hours of field observations prior to student teaching.

Satisfy appropriate voice, speech, and health standards.

In order to be recommended for N.Y.S. certification, candidates must submit passing scores on the L.A.S.T. (Liberal Arts & Sciences Test), A.T.S.-W. (Assessment of Teaching Skills-Performance), C.S.T. (Content Specialty Test), and any additional New York State requirements and consult with the Certification Officer, Dean of Education Office, for other requirements, e.g., core liberal arts requirements, fingerprinting.

Advanced Certificate in Social Studies Education (21-24 Credits)

This program is designed for students who already have a bachelor's and master's degree in History, or an approved social science content area (but lack required Education courses), and who seek New York State Certification in Social Studies: Grade 7-12.

Certificate Requirements

Students must consult with an adviser in the Social Studies Education program before starting their certificate program. During their first semester, matriculated students are required to plan their program with a Social Studies Education adviser. All students must complete the 21-24-credit curriculum below. The L.A.S.T. and C.S.T. examinations must be passed in order to take the Social Studies teaching methods courses. In order to be recommended for certification, candidates must pass the L.A.S.T., A.T.S.-W, and C.S.T. examinations and complete the Social Studies Education Certificate with a 3.0 or better G.P.A., and meet any additional New York State requirements.

Admission Requirements

Curriculum

The 21-24 credit certificate curriculum consists of three instructional areas.

I. Foundations of Education (9): ESC 501 (3), ESC 502 (3), ESC 529 (3).

II. Methods, Curriculum, and Instruction (9): ESC 534 (3) and 6 additional credits to be selected in consultation with the Program Coordinator.

III. Practicum (3-6): ESC 595 (3) or ESC 596 (6)

1. ESC 501, 502, 529, and 534 require 25 hours of fieldwork each.

2. ESC 534 and all other Social Studies teaching methods courses include a combined total of 25 hours of fieldwork.

3. ESC 595: Teaching Internship will be taken by candidates already teaching in school settings for 3 credits and will include a weekly seminar.

4. ESC 596: Student Teaching will be taken by students who are not teaching for 6 credits and will include a weekly seminar.

Advanced Certificate: Bilingual Extension

This program is designed for Birth-grade 12 teachers who already posses New York State certification in one of the areas listed in Sequences 1 and 2 below, and who seek a bilingual extension to teach that subject in the native language as well as English. Applicants for the Advanced Certificate: Bilingual Extension include:

Sequence 1 (18 credits). Those seeking a bilingual extension to certification in early childhood education, childhood education, literacy (B-6), or teaching children with disabilities at the early childhood or childhood levels.

Sequence 2 (15 credits). Those seeking a bilingual extension to certification in middle childhood education, adolescence education, literacy (Grades 5-12), or teaching children with disabilities at the middle childhood or adolescence education level.

Admission Requirements

Certificate Requirements

Students must consult with an adviser in the Advanced Certificate: Bilingual Extension program before beginning their studies. During their first semester, matriculated students are required to plan their graduate program with the adviser. To successfully complete the program, students must complete the curriculum as outlined below for Sequence 1 (18 credits) or Sequence 2 (15 credits).

New York State also requires candidates for the bilingual extension to pass the Bilingual Education Assessment (B.E.A.). Lehman expects students to pass this exam before completing nine (9) program credits or the first two semesters of matriculation.

Overview of the Program

Sequence 1 (18 credits)

  1. Core Bilingual Education Courses (9 credits): SPE 703 (3), ESC 759 (3), ESC 769 (or another course in cultural perspectives selected in consultation with the adviser).
  2. Additional Requirements (9 credits): EDE 751 (6), EDE 727 (3).

Sequence 2 (15 credits)

  1. Core Bilingual Education Courses (9 credits): SPE 703 (3), ESC 759 (3), ESC 769 (or another course in cultural perspectives selected in consultation with the adviser).
  2. Additional Requirements (6 credits): ESC 761 (3), ESC 763 (3).

Advanced Certificate For Teachers of Languages Other Than English (15-18 Credits)

This program is designed for candidates who already have a master's degree in a language other than English and who seek New York State Certification in the area of Languages Other than English (L.O.T.E.) grades 7-12.

Admission Requirements

CERTIFICATE REQUIREMENTS

Students must consult with the adviser in the L.O.T.E. Education Program before starting their certificate program. During their first semester, matriculated students are required to plan their program with the L.O.T.E. Education Program Adviser. All students must complete the 15-18 credit curriculum below. In order to be recommended for certification, candidates must pass the C.S.T. (if applicable) and L.A.S.T. within the first semester following matriculation, complete the L.O.T.E. Education Certificate with a cumulative index of 3.0 or better, and meet any additional New York State requirements.

Curriculum

The 15-18-credit certificate curriculum consists of three instructional areas:

I. Foundations of Education (9 credits)

• ESC 501: Psychological Foundations of Education (3 credits) and

• ESC 502: Social Foundations of Education: A Multicultural Perspective (3 credits) and

• ESC 529: Language, Literacy, and Technology in Education (3 credits).

II. Methods, Curriculum, and Instruction (6 credits)

• ESC 524: Teaching Foreign Languages in Middle and High School (3 credits).

• ESC 562: Teaching Language Arts in Languages Other than English (3 credits).

III. Practicum (3-6 credits)

• ESC 595: Internship in Classroom Teaching (3 credits) or

• ESC 596: Student Teaching in Middle & High School Grades (6 credits).

Courses in Middle and High School Education

*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in 2009-2011.

ESC 501: Psychological Foundations of Education. 3 hours, 3 credits. (Closed to students who have taken ESC 301 or equivalent.) Cognitive and emotional development from childhood through adolescence; learning theories; measurement and evaluation; inclusion of special student populations, and uses of relevant technology and software. Theories and research findings discussed in relation to classroom observations. Students will be responsible for assigned readings, lectures, class discussions, and field experiences.

ESC 502: Historical Foundations of Education: A Multicultural Perspective. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study of the historical development of education and schools within the context of various communities and families. Emphasis on the school as a sociocultural institution: issues of equity and bias, and the contributions of the major racial and ethnic groups, especially in New York City schools. Presentation of relevant technology and software.

ESC 509: Instructional Practices Across the Middle School Curriculum. 3 hours, 3 credits. Principles, approaches, and strategies across the curriculum for teaching middle childhood students, grades 5-6, in accordance with local, State, and national standards. NOTE: May not be taken to fulfill the requirements of ESC 519-562.

ESC 519: Teaching Science in Middle and High School. 3 hours, 3 credits. Research and practice in the teaching of science at the secondary school level. A focus on inquiry-driven methods consistent with current standards in science education, uses of technology and relevant software, teaching strategies, assessment, inclusion of special student populations, and development of science literacy with an emphasis on the teacher-as-learner. Includes field experience. PREREQ: ESC 501 or the equivalent course in psychological foundations of education; a 3.0 GPA overall; and Department permission.

ESC 520: Teaching Business Subjects in Middle and High School. 3 hours, 3 credits. Methods and materials for teaching business subjects at the middle and high school levels. Curriculum development; current standards; lesson planning; instructional strategies; uses of technology; problem solving; assessment; inclusion of special populations; and literacy development in business subjects. Includes field experience. A research paper or curriculum project is required. Limited to master's level students seeking initial certification. PREREQ: ESC 501 or equivalent course in psychological foundations of education; 3.0 GPA overall; and Departmental permission.

ESC 522: Teaching English in Middle and High School. 3 hours, 3 credits. Limited to master's-level students seeking Initial Certification. Methods, materials, and assessment for teaching English at the middle and high school levels. Developing academic literacy through English language arts and literature. Curriculum development; use of relevant technology; current standards; instructional strategies; inclusion of students from diverse language backgrounds and students with disabilities. Includes field experience. Students cannot receive credit for both ESC 422 and ESC 522. PREREQ: ESC 501 or the equivalent course in psychological foundations of education; a 3.0 G.P.A. overall; and Departmental permission.

ESC 524: Teaching Foreign Language in Middle and High School. 3 hours, 3 credits. Limited to master's-level students seeking Initial Certification. Methods, materials, and assessment for teaching foreign languages at the middle and high school levels. Developing communicative competence, academic literacy through the four skills, and cross-cultural awareness in a language other than English. Curriculum development; use of relevant technology; current standards; instructional strategies; inclusion of students from diverse language backgrounds and students with disabilities. Includes field experience. Students cannot receive credit for both ESC 424 and ESC 524. PREREQ: ESC 501 or the equivalent course in psychological foundations of education; a 3.0 G.P.A. overall; and Departmental permission.

ESC (EDR) 529: Language, Literacy, and Educational Technology. 3 hours, 3 credits. Using information technology to support the teaching of literacy to students of diverse language backgrounds and abilities through the content areas. Social, legal, and ethical issues affecting the instructional use of technology. Curriculum development; current standards; inclusion of students with disabilities; and assessment. No prior computing experience is necessary. Includes field experience.

ESC 532: Teaching Mathematics in Middle and High School. 3 hours, 3 credits. Methods and materials for teaching mathematics at the middle and high school levels. Curriculum development; current standards; lesson planning; instructional strategies; uses of technology; problem solving; assessment; inclusion of special populations; and literacy development in mathematics. Includes field experience. A research paper or curriculum project is required. Limited to master's-level students seeking Initial Certification. Students cannot receive credit for both ESC 432 and ESC 532. PREREQ: ESC 501 or the equivalent course in psychological foundations of education; 3.0 G.P.A. overall; and Departmental permission.

ESC 533: Teaching World History in Middle and High School. 3 hours, 3 credits. Theory and practice of curriculum, lesson planning, and national and State standards in middle and high school world history and geography courses. Uses of technology and relevant reviews of software, teaching strategies, assessments, and inclusion of special student populations. Includes supervised field work in middle and high school. PRE- or COREQS: ESC 501 (or equivalent) and/or ESC 502 (or equivalent), 3.0 G.P.A., and a passing score on the New York State L.A.S.T. examination and the C.S.T.

ESC 534: Teaching U.S. History and Government. 3 hours, 3 credits. Introduction to current theory on curriculum, alternate views on scope and sequence, lesson planning, and national and State standards in middle and high school social studies. Uses of technology; relevant software; alternative teaching strategies; different types of assessment; inclusion of special student populations; and literacy development in social studies. Limited to master's-level students seeking initial certification. Includes field experience. Students cannot receive credit for both ESC 434 and ESC 534. PRE- or COREQS: ESC 501 and/or ESC 502 (or equivalent), a 3.0 G.P.A., and passing score on the New York State L.A.S.T. examination. Pass the C.S.T. (Content Specialty Test) and A.T.S.—W. (Assessment of Teaching Skills-Written)before or during course.

ESC 536: Teaching Technology Subjects in Middle and High School. 3 hours, 3 credits. Methods and materials for teaching technology subjects at the middle and high school levels. Curriculum development; current standards; lesson planning; instructional strategies; uses of technology; problem solving; assessment; inclusion of special populations; and literacy development in technology subjects. Includes field experience. A research paper or curriculum project is required. Limited to master's-level students seeking Initial Certification. PREREQ: ESC 501 or equivalent course in psychological foundations of education; 3.0 G.P.A. overall; and Departmental permission.

ESC 562: Teaching Language Arts in Languages Other than English. 3 hours, 3 credits. Limited to master's-level students seeking Initial Certification. Methods, materials, and assessment for developing literacy through language arts and literature in a language other than English at the middle and high school levels. Curriculum development; use of relevant technology and software; current standards; instructional strategies; inclusion of students from diverse language backgrounds and students with disabilities. Includes field experience. PREREQ: ESC 501 or the equivalent course in psychological foundations of education; a 3.0 cumulative Grade Point Average; Departmental permission; and passing score on the New York State L.A.S.T. examination. PRE- or COREQ: ESC 524.

ESC 590: Staff Development Workshop for Teachers. 1-3 hours, 1-3 credits. (May be reelected for credit with change of topics.) A workshop for teachers and curriculum specialists in teaching and/or developing curriculum materials for topics in specialized areas.

ESC 595: Internship in Classroom Teaching. One semester full-time, two supervised/mentored experiences of 20 days each (or other Lehman College approved sequences), 1-3 credits. (May be reelected once, with advisor's permission.) Designed for graduate students who teach full time, the course provides on-site supervisory visits and a weekly seminar. Assigned in-school activities are required. PREREQ: A grade of B or better in Content Area Teaching Methods course; an overall index of at least 3.0; a passing score on the A.T.S.-W. Teacher Certification Examination; Departmental permission; and approval from the Professional Development Coordinator.

NOTE: This internship requires formal application and approval the semester prior to the course being taken. It is the student's responsibility to check with the Professional Development Coordinator for meeting and application dates early in the prior semester. Credits to be determined in consultation with specific Program Advisor. Must be taken for a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 6 credits.

ESC 596: Student Teaching in the Middle and High School Grades. One semester full-time supervised student teaching, two experiences of 20 days each (or other Lehman College approved sequences), 6 credits. Student teaching in the middle and high school grades, plus a weekly seminar. PREREQ: A grade of B or better in the Content Area Teaching Methods course; an overall index of at least 3.0; a passing score on the A.T.S.-W. Teacher Certification Examination; Departmental permission; and approval from the Professional Development Coordinator.

NOTES: (1) Student teaching on both the middle and high school levels is required for New York State certification in business education, English, social studies, foreign languages, science, mathematics, music, health, and art. New York State may add this requirement for other subjects, so students are advised to consult their advisers in this Department regularly. (2) Student teaching requires formal application and approval the semester prior to the course being taken. It is the student's responsibility to check with the Professional Development Coordinator for meeting and application dates early in the prior semester.

ESC 611: Seminar in Secondary and TESOL Education, I. 1 hour, 0 credit. Analysis of problems or practices in secondary school and T.E.S.O.L. teaching. PREREQ: Departmental permission.

ESC 612: Seminar in Secondary and T.E.S.O.L. Education, II. 1 hour, 0 credit. Advanced analysis of problems or practices in secondary school and T.E.S.O.L. teaching. PREREQ: ESC 611; Departmental permission.

ESC (EDE) 700: Psychology in Education, Group Dynamics. 3 hours, 3 credits. A laboratory course using here-and-now experiences in studying interpersonal perceptions, communication networks, group decision-making patterns, leadership, and structure. Development of skills in diagnosing and improving group functioning. PREREQ: Full-time teaching experience.

ESC 701: Advanced Educational Psychology. 3 hours, 3 credits. Current psychological theory and research related to learning. PREREQ: Full-time teaching experience or Departmental permission.

ESC (EDE) 702: Foundations of Education. 3 hours, 3 credits. Studies of critical periods and movements in American education history, with emphasis on social, political, and intellectual developments and the role of leading education theorists as agents of change in education.

ESC (EDE)703: School and Community. 3 hours, 3 credits. Analysis of the environmental influences on learning, with special emphasis on education as a social process and social institution in an urban setting. A minimum of 10 hours' community field experience is required.

ESC 704: Psychological Foundations of Adult Education, Advanced Educational Psychology. 3 hours, 3 credits. A study of the psychology, special needs, and developmental tasks of adulthood; applications to the teaching of students in continuing and adult education programs. PREREQ: Graduate standing or permission of the chair of the Department.

ESC 705: Methods of Educational Research. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study of the methods, techniques, and strategies of research. Emphasis on educational research as a unique and necessary discipline and as a tool for solving educational problems. Development of a research proposal on a significant problem in candidates, field. PREREQ: Departmental permission.

ESC 706: Project Seminar I. 1 hour, 1 credit. Discussion of methods of measurement and evaluation of teaching and learning. Development of the content and structure of the research project. PREREQ: ESC 705 (ESC 742 for mathematics education candidates)with a B or better and Departmental permission. COREQ: ESC 707.

ESC 707: Project Seminar II. 2 hours, 2 credits. Completion of the research project (begun in ESC 705)related to teaching in the candidate's field. PREREQ.: ESC 705 (ESC 742 for mathematics education students)with a B or better and Departmental permission. COREQ.: ESC 706.

ESC 708: Project Seminar in Curriculum, Materials, and Assessment in Specialized Areas. 3 hours, 3 credits. Development of a culminating curriculum project in candidates' field that includes an analysis of contextual factors; integration of prior coursework and research; theoretical foundations of the discipline; learning goals; assessment plan; design of instruction; technology; analysis of student learning and reflection on teaching practice. PREREQ: Departmental permission.

ESC 709: Workshop in Pedagogy and Classroom Management. 3 hours, 3 credits. Evaluating and dealing with behavioral problems in educational settings; theoretical study, simulation, and application of theory to problems. PREREQ: Provisional Certification and one year of full-time teaching experience.

ESC 710: Education Workshop for Secondary School Teachers. 3 hours, 3 credits. A workshop course designed to aid teachers in dealing with the situations and problems arising in their actual school experience. The activities of the course will vary with the demonstrated needs of the students. PREREQ: Employment as a teacher and undergraduate methods course in secondary education.

ESC 711: Perspectives on Middle School Education. 3 hours, 3 credits. Overview of issues related to school environment in middle childhood education, grades 5-6. Characteristics of middle school students, school organization, and curriculum. Study of experimental programs and current research.

ESC 714: Teaching Art in Middle and High School. 3 hours, 3 credits. Exploration of materials, processes, and techniques appropriate for teaching art for middle and high school students. Students design art experiences that incorporate expression, response, art history, and culture. Includes field experience. PREREQ: EDE 732.

ESC 720: Reading and Reading Materials for Adolescents. 3 hours, 3 credits. Remedial and developmental methods of reading instruction for teachers and reading specialists. Selecting, developing, and using appropriate materials.

ESC 721: Literature for Middle and High School Students. 3 hours, 3 credits. An exploration of literature —both classical and contemporary —relevant to middle and high school settings. The role of such literature in the secondary-school curriculum, with particular attention to literary response and its assessment. Review and analysis of selected related research. PREREQ: Permission of instructor.

ESC 722: Teaching Communication Skills in the Content Areas. 3 hours, 3 credits. An examination of the techniques, strategies, and procedures for developing in students the ability to improve their skills in writing, speaking, and listening in the content areas. Review and analysis of selected research and instruction in a variety of pedagogic techniques. PREREQ: Permission of the Program Adviser.

*ESC 723: Teaching Reading in the Content Areas. 3 hours, 3 credits. An examination of programs, strategies, and procedures for developing in students the ability to read books, articles, and other study materials in the content areas. Review and analysis of selected research related to content area reading. PREREQ: Provisional certification in a secondary-school subject, or permission of instructor.

ESC 724: Methods of Teaching Writing in Middle and High School. 30 hours plus confs. and group activities, 3 credits. Consideration of methods of teaching composition in the middle and high school English classroom, with attention to the linguistic, cognitive, and rhetorical theories that generate current practices in writing instruction. Review and analysis of selected research. PREREQ: ESC 722, ENG 785, or the equivalent.

ESC 725: Teaching English Grammar. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study of techniques and procedures for developing in students the ability to analyze the English language and to use standard written English. Consideration of linguistic analysis in the light of current school texts and practices. Includes field experience. PREREQ: Permission of the instructor.

ESC 730: Methods of Teaching English in Middle and High School: Selected Topics. 3 hours, 3 credits. (May be reelected for credit, with adviser's permission, with change of topic, to a maximum of 6 credits.) Strategies and materials for teaching English in middle and high schools with change of topic permitting intensive study of the components of the English curriculum and the research related to them. PREREQ: Permission of the Department chair.

ESC 733: Teaching Music in the Middle Schools. 3 hours, 3 credits. Knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to teach music in middle schools in diverse neighborhoods and the role of national, State, and City standards in the assessments of student achievement. Includes supervised fieldwork in middle schools in a variety of socioeconomic areas. PRE- or COREQ: Admission to M.A.T. program in applied music and music teaching or permission of the Graduate Advisor.

ESC 740: Teaching Mathematics in Grades 7-10. 3 hours, 3 credits. Methods and materials for teaching mathematical concepts and skills in the contemporary intermediate grades that bridge middle- and high-school instruction; models of instruction; strategies for teaching selected topics; problem solving; uses of technology; remedial and enrichment units.

ESC 741: Current Issues in Mathematics Education. 3 hours, 3 credits. Implications of current reform efforts pertaining to the teaching of mathematics, analysis of new curriculum projects and testing programs in the secondary school; use of materials and technological aids or instruction.

ESC 742: Research in Mathematics Education. 3 hours, 3 credits. Review of the research literature; theories of learning mathematics; alternative assessment; technology in mathematics instruction. A research paper is required.

ESC 748: Teaching Problem Solving in Mathematics in Middle and High School. 3 hours, 3 credits. Introduction and application of heuristic techniques to facilitate mathematical problem solving in Grades 7-12; use of technology as a problem-solving tool; assessment. Problems will be analyzed on both teacher and pupil levels. PREREQ: Calculus I and II.

ESC 749: Teaching Mathematics in Grades 11 and 12. 3 hours, 3 credits. Methods and materials for teaching mathematical concepts (e.g., real number system, functions, mathematical induction, sequences and series, analytic geometry, transformations, probability, topics in calculus)in the upper grades of high school; problem-solving mathematical modeling; uses of technology (e.g., graphing calculators and computer software), including related social, legal, and ethical issues. PREREQ: Calculus I and II.

ESC 750: Theory and Practice in the Social Sciences. 3 hours, 3 credits. Designed to acquaint the graduate student of Social Studies Education with advanced concepts and methodology of the social sciences and the manners in which these can be taught to high school students. PREREQ: Employment as a teacher and undergraduate methods course in secondary education.

ESC 755: Teaching the Historical Development of Science. 3 hours, 3 credits. Teaching the historical development of science from an interdisciplinary perspective. Critical analysis of different views of scientific knowledge and their implications for the classroom. PREREQ: ESC 502 or 702 and ESC 770.

ESC 759: Foundations of Bilingual/Bicultural Education. 3 hours, 3 credits. Bilingual/bicultural education, including history, goals, models, rationale, legal and legislative basis, linguistic principles, and language evaluation. Current issues and research findings in bilingual/bicultural education will be studied. Includes field experience. PREREQ: ESC 501, 502, or ESC 703 (or an equivalent) and permission of the adviser.

ESC 760: Second-Language Learning and Teaching. 3 hours, 3 credits. The psychological principles of second-language learning with their application to teaching. Similarities and differences between first- and second-language learning and teaching. PREREQ: One course in educational psychology. Includes field experience.

ESC 761: Teaching English as a Second Language to Adolescents and Adults. 3 hours, 3 credits. Methods, materials, and evaluation for developing the literacy skills of speaking, listening, reading, and writing in English for middle childhood, adolescent, and adult English language learners, including reading enrichment and remediation. Curriculum development; use of relevant technology and software; current standards; instructional strategies; inclusion of students from diverse language backgrounds and students with disabilities. Includes field experience.

ESC 762: Methods of Teaching Foreign Languages in Secondary Schools. 1-3 hours, 1-3 credits. (May be reelected for credit, with adviser's permission, with change of topic, to a maximum of 6 credits.) Selected topics reflecting current practices in language education. PREREQ: Provisional certification or permission of the Department chair.

ESC 763: Teaching Literacy through the Content Areas in the Secondary Bilingual Classroom. 45 hours, 3 credits. Methods, materials, and evaluation for teaching literacy through middle and high school level content areas, such as business education, mathematics, science, and social studies in the native language and in English. Curriculum development; use of relevant technology; current standards; lesson planning; instructional strategies; inclusion of special populations; and assessment. Includes field experience. PREREQ: ESC 759 (or an equivalent), a methods course in subject area, and permission of the adviser.

ESC 764-765: Workshop in Modern Materials and Methods of Foreign Language Teaching I and II (Secondary Schools). Each 3 hours, 3 credits. (I) Study and discussion of recent research in the field and its application to language teaching. Practices and techniques for developing aural-oral competency and other communication arts and skills. Selection and utilization of materials in the field that meet current objectives in foreign-language teaching. (II) Study and demonstration of audiovisual teaching tools and devices. Preparation and demonstration of teacher-made materials. Newer techniques for evaluating a foreign language in the secondary schools.

ESC 766: Teaching English as a Second Language Through the Content Areas. 3 hours, 3 credits. Methods, materials, and evaluation for developing the literacy skills of speaking, listening, reading, and writing in English to speakers of other languages through the content areas, including mathematics, science, and social studies. Curriculum development; use of relevant technology and software; current standards; instructional strategies; inclusion of students from diverse language backgrounds and students with disabilities; and assessment. Includes field experience. PRE- or COREQ: ESC 761 (or an equivalent) and permission of adviser.

ESC 767: The Museum as a Resource for Teaching Science. 3 hours, 3 credits. An introduction to the use of the museum as a resource for teaching and learning science. PREREQ: ESC 502 or 702 and ESC 770.

ESC 768: Education Workshop for Teachers of Students of Puerto Rican and Latino Origin. 3 hours, 3 credits. A workshop designed to help teachers deal with the situations and problems arising out of their actual school experiences. Emphasis will be placed on the preparation, demonstration, and discussion of instructional materials needed for developing communications skills. PREREQ: Employment as a teacher and a course in methods of teaching in the secondary school.

ESC 769: Latinos in U.S. Schools. 3 hours, 3 credits. Interdisciplinary study of educational issues affecting Latinos in the United States, with a focus on the urban school setting: educational, historical, literary, linguistic, and sociological sources will be utilized to analyze issues. PREREQ: ESC 501 or 502 (or an equivalent) and permission of the adviser.

ESC 770: Methods of Teaching Science in Secondary Schools: Selected Topics. 1-3 hours, 1- 3 credits. (May be reelected for credit, with adviser's permission, with change of topic, to a maximum of 6 credits.) Strategies for teaching a single science and interdisciplinary science topics at the secondary and postsecondary levels. Emphasis on research related to improving the teaching and learning of science and on techniques and materials that meet the needs of contemporary students. PREREQ: Provisional certification or permission of the Department chair.

ESC 772: Evaluation and Assessment of Student Learning. 3 hours, 3 credits. Systematic introductory course for graduate students. The fundamentals of evaluation and assessment of student learning in middle and high schools, including: writing objective test items, methods of evaluating and assessing student learning, up-to-date instruments for evaluating and assessing aptitude and achievement in the active, inquiry-based, cooperative classroom, and alternative assessment techniques, including use of portfolio assessment and rubrics.

ESC 775: Problems of Secondary Education in Metropolitan Areas. 3 hours, 3 credits. Social structures of urban life and their impact on the problems and future forms of the urban secondary school. Critical examination from a variety of viewpoints of major issues in curriculum, methods, pupil achievement, and organization of the secondary school, arising from urbanization. PREREQ: One course in educational foundations.

ESC 776: Multiethnic and Multicultural Education. 3 hours, 3 credits. Multiethnic and multicultural education, including history, goals, models, rationale, legal, and legislative basis. Current issues and research findings in multiethnic and multicultural education and major ethnic and subcultural groups in urban school settings will be studied. PREREQ: ESC 701, or 702, or 703 (or an equivalent), and permission of adviser.

ESC 777: Philosophy of Education. 3 hours, 3 credits. Examination of alternative standards of judgment presented in the philosophies of experimentalism, realism, idealism, and existentialism, and in philosophic analysis. Central consideration given to the problems of educational goals and curriculum posed by conflicting philosophies of education.

*ESC 778: History of the American School. 3 hours, 3 credits. Public education from the colonial period to the present, with particular emphasis on the interrelationships between education and culture, political, and economic developments.

*ESC 779: European Backgrounds of American Education. 3 hours, 3 credits. Cultural and institutional origin of American elementary, secondary, and higher education. Educational interchange between the United States and Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

ESC (EDE) 780: Comparative Education. 3 hours, 3 credits. Comparative study of school organization, curricular practices, and contemporary educational problems in selected foreign countries. Special attention will be given to the study of issues that have cross-cultural dimensions

ESC (EDE) 781: Advanced Studies in Comparative and International Education. 3 hours, 3 credits. Intensive and specialized studies in selected systems of education, using appropriate methodologies in comparative education. Review and evaluation of the work of bilateral and international technical assistance for educational development. PREREQ: ESC (EDE) 780 or instructor's permission.

ESC 782: Methods of Teaching Business and Technology Education. Selected Topics. 3 hours, 3 credits. (May be re-elected for credit, with adviser's permission, with change of topic, to a maximum of 6 credits.) Strategies for teaching courses or special topics in business and technology education in adolescence and adult learning settings. Emphasis on research related to improvement of instruction in business and technology education areas and techniques and materials that meet the needs of contemporary students. PREREQ: Permission of the Department chair.

ESC 785: Methods of Teaching Music in the Secondary School and Adult Education. 3 hours, 3 credits. Strategies and materials for teaching music in secondary and continuing education settings, reflecting current practices in music education. PRE- or COREQ: Preadmission to the M.A. in Music Education program or permission of the Graduate Adviser in music education.

ESC 788: Curriculum Theory and Design. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study and analysis of curriculum theories, processes, and trends in middle and high school education. Focus on various philosophical positions as they influence curriculum development in middle and high schools and other educational settings. A curriculum project is required. PREREQ: Graduate standing or permission of the Department chair.

ESC 789: Independent Study in Curriculum Development. 1-3 hours, 1-3 credits. (May be re-elected for credit, with chair's permission, with change of topic.) This course offers an opportunity for middle and high school teachers and curriculum specialists, under the guidance of a faculty member, to carry out an individual project in developing instructional materials adapted to specific groups. PREREQ: For business and technology education students only, ESC 782, 788, and Departmental permission.

ESC 790: Workshop in Curriculum Materials Development in Specialized Areas. 1-3 hours, 1-3 credits. (May be reelected for credit, with chair's permission, with change of topics.) A workshop for teachers and curriculum specialists interested in developing instructional materials for topics in specialized areas.

ESC 797: Student Teaching in T.E.S.O.L. One or two college-supervised experiences of 20 days each or other Lehman College approved sequences), 3-6 credits. Practice teaching in T.E.S.O.L. in elementary and secondary education settings or in adult education for both in-service and pre-service teachers. Weekly seminar and assigned in-class activities required. Variable credits depend on teaching experience and certification status. PREREQ: Completion of T.E.S.O.L. methods courses with a grade of B or better; an overall index of 3.0 or better; for students in Sequence 1, passing scores on the E.S.O.L. and the E.L.P.A.-C.; for students in Sequence 2, passing scores on the A.T.S.-W, E.S.O.L., and E.L.P.A.-C.; and permission from the Professional Development Coordinator.