Chair: Joye Smith (Carman Hall, Room B29)
Department Faculty: Professors: Herminio Martinez, Stanley F. Taback; Associate Professors: Russell P. Bradshaw, Serigne M. Gningue; Assistant Professors: Gillian Bayne, Cecelia Cutler, David Fletcher, Amanda Gulla, Immaculee Harushimana, Angela Kelly, Wesley Pitts, Jessica Shiller, Joye Smith; Instructor: David Hyman
The Department of Middle and High School Education prepares teacher candidates to meet requirements for New York State initial certification1 to teach the following academic subjects in middle and high school: English, foreign languages, mathematics, science (biology and general science; chemistry and general science; physics and general science; and earth science and general science), and social studies. It also prepares students to meet requirements to teach the following special subjects: art (K-12), music (K-12), health, and recreation education.
Advisement: Students should obtain advisement before enrolling in an education sequence. Information about prerequisites, and the requirements for New York State certifications2 for teachers of academic or special subjects, may be obtained in the Department office. Students seeking New York City public school licenses will be advised as to the requirements for the appropriate New York State teaching certificate currently accepted as partial City credentialing. Candidates for certification are expected to demonstrate specified knowledge, skills, and performance competencies through class sessions on campus and through a variety of field-based activities in schools and other education agencies. Students interested in dual certification should consult the Department Chair.
1The sequence described in this section meets the requirements for New York State certification. Students seeking a licence to teach in New York City public schools may need to meet other requirements and should contact the New York City Public Schools Office of Recruitment for specific information (718-935-2670).
2New York State also requires applicants for provisional teacher certification to achieve a satisfactory level of performance on the New York State Test of the Liberal Arts and Sciences (L.A.S.T.), and on the Assessment of Teaching Skills-Written (A.T.S.-W). Candidates are also required to earn a certificate in child abuse detection and prevention. For updated certification requirements, please contact the divisional certification adviser (Carman Hall, B-33).
PROGRAMS
Students cannot major in education. Students major in the appropriate academic or special subject, complete the 12-credit minor shown below, and, if they wish to become certified as a teacher, continue on to complete one of the teacher certification sequences outlined below. Students should consult with the undergraduate advisor in the Department of Middle and High School Education to be placed in the appropriate sequence. Students may complete the minor without continuing in the teacher certification sequence.
Teacher certification and licensure are obtained through the New York State Education Department. The public schools of the City of New York have requirements beyond those required for State certification. At both the State and City levels, certification requirements are subject to change without notice. It is the responsibility of the student or graduate to periodically consult with a Departmental adviser about the latest certification requirements.
NOTES: Changes in program requirements designated by the New York State Education Department for Teacher, Counselor, and/or Administrator certifications occur from time to time. As such, students are advised to consult the Office of Teacher Certification, Room B-33 of Carman Hall, to determine the most current program requirements for certification. Students not seeking an institutional recommendation but who intend to apply independently for certification should consult with a Departmental adviser prior to registration so that a course of study fulfilling State requirements may be planned. New York State may at some point end the independent transcript review route to certification. Students should consult the New York State Education Department website for updates or may check with the Division of Education's Certification Officer to determine if a change in this policy has been adopted.
To enter the program:
1. Pass all CUNY skills tests.
2. Pass English 120 and Speech 100 with a grade of B or better.
3. Declare a major in the area of certification.
To continue in the program:
1. Complete ESC 301 and ESC 302 with a combined index of 3.0 or better.
2. Complete ESC 429 and ESC 409. To register for either course, an index of 3.0 or better in ESC courses and an overall index of 2.7 or better is required.
To exit the program and receive Lehman College's recommendation for New York State Teacher Certification:
1. Complete all course requirements as outlined above.
2. Complete student teaching with a grade of B or better in each course.
3. Complete the major in the area of certification with an index of 2.7 or better.
4. Complete all degree requirements with an index of 2.7 or better.
5. Complete one year of college-level study of a language other than English.
6. Complete two State-mandated workshops on (a)Child Abuse Identification and Reporting and (b)School Violence Intervention and Prevention.
7. Complete all required N.Y.S. arts and science requirements.
8. Individuals seeking certification in foreign languages must submit scores from the A.C.T.F.L. Oral Proficiency Interview (O.P.I.).
Sequences have been designed for students wishing certification in the academic subject areas of English, foreign language, mathematics, science, and social studies, and for students in other subject areas.
To enroll in a special methods course, the student must have completed 60 undergraduate credits (or have earned an associate's degree)and must have declared a major in a certification area.
To enter student teaching, students must have passed the teaching of a subject course with a minimum grade of B and have indices of 3.0 in education and 2.7 in the major. For an institutional recommendation for State certification, students must have earned a B or above in student teaching and must have completed the College/State-approved sequence for the respective subject area.
Students must complete the appropriate subject area method courses (ESC 410-462). To register for these courses, ESC 301, 302, 429, and 409 must be completed with a combined index of 3.0 or better; an overall index of 2.7 must be maintained; and scores must be submitted on the N.Y.S. L.A.S.T. Teacher Certification examination. In addition, at least 50 percent of the requirements for the major in the area of certification must be completed.
Students must complete ESC 470 (Student Teaching in the Middle Grades and High School Grades) and submit their scores on the N.Y.S. A.T.S.-W. and C.S.T. to the Office of Teacher Certification.
Students pursuing teacher education must enter a formal program leading to a Lehman College recommendation for teacher certification, and then satisfy the specific requirements, often in a particular sequence. The entrance, continuation, and exit conditions listed below describe the procedures that need to be followed.
Secondary Education Requirements
Credits (23-27)
3 ESC 301
3 ESC 302
4 ESC 409
4-8 ESC 410–462
3 ESC 429
6 ESC 470 (Student Teaching)
Entrance, Continuation, and Exit Conditions
To enter the program:
1. Pass all CUNY skills tests.
2. Pass English 120 and Speech 100 with a grade of B or better.
3. Declare a major in the area of certification.
4. Register for the first course in the education sequence, ESC 301.
To continue in the program:
1. Complete ESC 301 and ESC 302 with a combined index of 3.0 or better.
2. Complete ESC 429 and ESC 409. To register for either course, an index of 3.0 or better in ESC courses and an overall index of 2.7 or better are required.
3. Complete the appropriate subject area method courses (ESC 410-462). To register for these courses, ESC 301, 302, 429, and 409 must be completed with a combined index of 3.0 or better; an overall index of 2.7 must be maintained; and scores must be submitted on the N.Y.S. L.A.S.T. Teacher Certification examination. In addition, at least 50 percent of the requirements for the major in the area of certification must be completed.
4. Complete ESC 470 (Student Teaching in the Middle Grades and High School Grades). Submit scores on the N.Y.S. A.T.S.-W. Teacher Certification Examination and the C.S.T. to the Office of the Dean of Education.
To exit the program and receive Lehman College's recommendation for New York State Teacher Certification:
1. Complete all course requirements as outlined above.
2. Complete student teaching with a grade of B or better in each course.
3. Complete the major in the area of certification with an index of 2.7 or better.
4. Complete all degree requirements with an index of 2.7 or better.
5. Complete one year of college-level study of a language other than English.
6. Complete two State-mandated workshops on (a) Child Abuse Identification and Reporting and (b) School Violence Intervention and Prevention.
7. Complete all required N.Y.S. arts and science requirements.
8. Individuals seeking certification in foreign languages must submit scores from the A.C.T.F.L. O.P.I. (Oral Proficiency Interview).
Students majoring in History who are interested in getting their certification in teaching social studies at the secondary level can take the following sequence of required courses in addition to their required courses for their History major. Upon successful completion, the students will be recommended by Lehman College for certification by the New York State Department of Education.
Required Courses: 41 credits in total
23 credits: required ESC courses:
3 credits in ESC 301: Psychological Foundations of Education
3 credits in ESC 302: Historical Foundations of Education
3 credits in ESC 429: Language, Literacy, and Technology
4 credits in ESC 433: Teaching World History to Middle and High School Students
4 credits in ESC 434: Teaching U.S. History to Middle and High School Students
6 credits in ESC 470: Supervised Student Teaching
18 credits
One undergraduate course in each of the following social science areas.
3 credits: Anthropology
3 credits: Sociology
3 credits: Geography
3 credits: Political science
3 credits: Economics
3 credits: Psychology
Courses must be chosen in consultation with the coordinator of the social studies program.
To enter the program:
1. Pass all CUNY skills tests.
2. Pass COM 100 with a grade of B or better.
3. Declare a major in History.
4. Meet with the social studies program education coordinator.
To continue in the program:
1. Complete all courses with a combined index of 2.7 or better.
2. Complete ESC 433 and ESC 434 with a combined index of 3.0 or better.
3. Take L.A.S.T., A.T.S.-W., and C.S.T. exams and submit scores to the Office of the Dean of Education.
4. Take one course in each the following social science disciplines: political science, economics, geography, psychology, sociology, and anthropology.
5. Complete ESC 470 (Student Teaching in the Middle Grades and High School Grades).
To exit the program and receive Lehman College's recommendation for New York State Teacher Certification:
1. Complete all course requirements as outlined above.
2. Complete student teaching with a grade of B or better in each course.
3. Complete the major in the area of certification with an index of 2.7 or better.
4. Complete all degree requirements with an index of 2.7 or better.
5. Complete one year of college-level study of a language other than English.
6. Complete two State-mandated workshops on (a) Child Abuse Identification and Reporting and (b) School Violence Intervention and Prevention.
7. Complete all required N.Y.S. arts and science requirements.
8. Individuals seeking certification in foreign languages must submit scores from the A.C.T.F.L. O.P.I. (Oral Proficiency Interview).
Students not seeking an institutional recommendation but who intend to apply independently using the individual evaluation pathway for certification should visit the New York State Education Department web site at www.highered.nysed.gov/tcert.
Extension of Individual Evaluation Pathway to Certification
The date of the individual evaluation option was extended from February 1, 2009 to February 1, 2012.
The Department of Middle and High School Education offers a 12-credit minor for students who choose not to complete certification requirements.
The required minor courses are:
Credits (12)
3 ESC 301
3 ESC 302
3 ESC 409 or ESC 433 in Social Studies
3 ESC 429 or ESC424 in Foreign Languages
To continue into the Teacher Certification Sequence, candidates must have earned an overall G.P.A. of 3.0 in the minor and meet additional requirements listed below. Candidates must major in the academic or special subject area that they intend to be certified in and must follow the appropriate education sequence. Candidates should consult with a Departmental advisor to be placed in the appropriate sequence.
*Courses preceded by an asterisk are not expected to be offered in 2009-2011.
ESC 135: Introduction to Secondary Education. 3 hours, 3 credits. An examination of the development of secondary education in the United States: its structure, governance, and finance. Consideration of the unique role of the secondary school and its interrelationships with other societal institutions. Field visits to selected secondary schools.
ESC 170: Introduction to Education in Nontraditional Settings. 3 hours, 3 credits. Introduction to the field of education through the study of educational settings other than traditional schools. Examination of professional responsibilities of educators working in nontraditional schools. Field experience to develop a deeper understanding of one of the settings (hospitals, alternate schools, prisons, adolescent treatment centers, etc.) will supplement class lectures.
Note: All 300-level ESC courses require lower sophomore standing.
*ESC 300: Human Relations. 3 hours, 3 credits. (Graded Pass/Fail.) Study of the attitudes and behavioral patterns that affect human relations in the schools. The emphasis will be on the development of the personal awareness of future teachers with respect to racial, cultural, and social conflicts and interactions in urban centers. Group-dynamics techniques, such as sensitivity training and role playing, will be used. Minimum of 15 hours' practicum experience in an appropriate setting. Note: Sections 7 and 87 can be taken only by Corporate Training and Business Education majors.
ESC 301: Psychological Foundations of Middle and High School. 3 hours, 3 credits, 15 hours of supervised fieldwork. Development from childhood through adolescence(cognitive, emotional, social, and physical), learning theories, measurement and evaluation, inclusion of special student populations, and use of relevant technology and software. Theories and research findings will be discussed in relation to classroom observations.
ESC 302: Social Foundations of Education: A Multicultural Perspective. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study of the historical development of education and schools within the context of various communities and families. Emphasis on the school as a sociocultural institution: issues of equity and bias, and the contributions of the major racial and ethnic groups, especially in the multicultural schools of New York City. Presentation of relevant technology and software; special student populations included.
ESC 303: Sex Roles and Attitudes in Secondary Education. 1 hour, 1 credit. Experimental examination of sex roles and their implications for educational practice in secondary school grades 7-12.
*ESC 304: Theories of Prejudice and Stereotyping: Implications for Educational Settings. 3 hours, 3 credits. Examination of theories and research relating to prejudice and stereotyping: causes, manifestations, effects. Application of research findings to effective behavior in educational settings.
*ESC 308: Current Issues and Problems in Education. 3 hours, 3 credits. Examination of social and philosophical issues that face educators, parents, and the public at large. Practicum experience arranged by the instructor.
*ESC (ECE) 310: The Spanish-Speaking American in the Urban School Setting. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study of the contemporary Spanish-speaking American in the urban setting. Special emphasis on opportunities to investigate the education of, and environmental influences on, the Puerto Rican.
*ESC 315: American Education: Philosophical and Historical Foundations. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study of the development of educational theories and practices in the United States from their European origins to the present. The contemporary period examined through the writings of educational philosophers and critics.
*ESC 400: Evaluation in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages in Secondary and Continuing Education. 3 hours, 3 credits. Study of techniques for use in the classroom to measure achievement in listening, speaking, reading, writing, and knowledge of American culture. Practice in the construction of classroom tests. PREREQ: ESC 301.
*ESC 403: Assessment in Secondary, Adult, and Business Education Settings. 3 hours, 3 credits. Educational testing for the secondary school and other educational settings. The construction, administration, interpretation, and evaluation of educational tests. PREREQ: ESC 301.
*ESC 405: Teaching of English as a Second Language (Grades 7-12). 3 hours, 3 credits. Methods and materials of teaching English to secondary-school students whose native language is not English. Attention will be directed to problems of language, cultural orientation, and the various techniques for teaching children of different age levels and lifestyles. PREREQ: ESC 301. Note: No student may count both ESC 405 and ECE 427 for credit toward the degree.
*ESC 406: Sex Education, Cultural Values, and Family Life. 3 hours, 3 credits. Development of attitudes, sensitivities, and skills necessary to teach sex education in the school. Instruction will focus on sexual behavior and its relationship to social patterns, child development, and interpersonal behavior. PREREQ: ESC 301.
*ESC 407: Bilingualism and Bilingual Education. 3 hours, 3 credits. Investigation of theories and research related to bilingualism and its educational implications. Examination of the principles underlying bilingual education. Study of practice, school organization, curricula, and problems in bilingual education. PREREQ: ESC 301.
*ESC 408: Methods and Materials for Teaching Prevention of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 1 hour, 1 credit. (Closed to students in Elementary Education Program A.) Study of the objectives and content of abuse education, including methods, materials, and resources appropriate for teaching in these areas. PREREQ: ESC 301.
ESC 409: Instructional Strategies for Middle and High School. 3 hours lecture, 3 credits, 20 field hours required. Topics include: classroom management principles and techniques, "generic" lesson planning skills, use of relevant technology and software, and individualizing teaching methods for particular student populations, including limited English-proficient students, low-achieving students, minority and inner-city students, and students in special education. This course is a prerequisite to middle and high school subject-area methods courses. PREREQ: ESC 301 and 302.
ESC 410: Teaching Writing in Secondary School. 4 hours (2, lecture; 2, fieldwork), 3 credits. An examination of writing theory and practice for the purpose of developing effective performance in the teaching of composition. Practice in teaching and evaluating writing and in measuring progress. Field experience and instruction in individual writing instruction. PREREQ: ESC 301. Note: For students preparing to teach English, completion of an advanced course in writing is strongly recommended.
*ESC 411: Teaching Corrective Reading in Secondary School. 3 hours, 3 credits. Methods and theory of corrective reading instruction in secondary school classrooms, laboratories, and resource rooms. PREREQ: ESC 301.
*ESC 412: Teaching Reading: The Use of Adolescents' Literature. 3 hours, 3 credits. An examination of adolescents' literature and methods of teaching reading through the use of such literature. PREREQ: ESC 301.
ESC 413: Teaching Developmental Reading in Secondary School. 3 hours, 3 credits. Methods and theory of developmental reading instruction in secondary-school classrooms. PREREQ: ESC 301.
ESC 414-440 and 445: Teaching a Subject in Secondary School. 3 hours, 3 credits. 30 hours fieldwork required. Aims, problems, and methods of teaching a subject at the secondary level. PREREQ: ESC 301 or its equivalent and 3 additional education credits as prescribed by the Department; a 2.7 cumulative Grade Point Average overall; pass ENG 102 or its equivalent; and Departmental permission. COREQ: Either ESC 476 or 477 (Fieldwork I or II), or ESC 471. ADDITIONAL PREREQ for ESC 414 only: ECE 405.
ESC 414: Special Methods in Art. 3 hours, 3 credits. Students enrolled in ESC 414 (Special Methods in Art) are required to demonstrate proficiency in computer graphics or take a course in computer imaging. Computer graphics programs can be effective design tools. In addition, the middle and high school art methods course introduces students to the use of the computer as a research tool. Using the computer as a design tool enables learners to use design operations to change and enhance images using a variety of techniques, such as drawing, cutting/pasting, duplicating, shrinking, distorting, magnifying, and collaging. The goal is for students to use technology as a medium for art expression in the school art curriculum. Using the computer as a research tool enables students to explore possibilities in computer programs, such as exploration and assessment of Internet sites for art and art education information and research, networking, discussion, and critique through Web boards and e-mail.
ESC 419: Teaching Science in Middle and High School. 3 hours, lecture; 2, lab, 4 credits. 30 hours fieldwork required. Research and practice in the teaching of science at the middle and high school levels. Attention to inquiry-driven methods consistent with current standards in science education, uses of technology and relevant software, teaching strategies, assessment, inclusion of special student populations, and literacy development in science. Fieldwork under supervision. PREREQ: A combined index of 3.0 or better in ESC 301, 302, 409, and 429; completion of at least 50 percent of the credits in a State-accredited science major, with a minimum 2.7 cumulative G.P.A.; and submission of scores on the New York State L.A.S.T. examination to the Division of Education Office.
*ESC 420: Accounting and Business Subjects.
*ESC 421: Secretarial Subjects.
ESC 422: Teaching English in Middle and High School. 3 hours, lecture; 2 hours, lab; 4 credits. 30 hours fieldwork required. Introduction to methods and materials for teaching English at the middle and high school levels. Curriculum development ; use of relevant developing communicative competence, academic literacy through the four skills, and crosscultural awareness in a language other than English. Curriculum development; use of relevant technology; current standards; lesson planning; instructional strategies; inclusion of special populations; and assessment. PREREQ: A combined index of 3.0 or better in ESC 301, 302, 409, 429; at least 50 percent of the credits in the student's major, with a minimum 2.7 cumulative G.P.A.; and submission of scores on the New York State L.A.S.T. examination to the Division of Education Office.
ESC 424: Teaching Foreign Languages in Middle and High School. 3 hours, lecture; 2 hours, lab; 4 credits, Methods and materials for teaching foreign languages at middle and high school levels. Developing communicative competence, academic literacy through the four skills, and crosscultural awareness in a language other than English. Curriculum development; use of relevant technology; current standards; lesson planning; instructional strategies; inclusion of special populations; and assessment. PREREQ: A cumulative index of 3.0 or better in ESC 301, 302, and 409; completion of at least 50 percent of the credits in the student's major, with a minimum 2.7 cumulative G.P.A.; submission of scores on the N.Y.S. L.A.S.T. examination to the Division of Education Office.
ESC 429: Teaching Language, Literacy, and Educational Technology. 3 hours, lecture; 3 credits. 20 hours fieldwork required. Using information technology to support the teaching of literacy to students of diverse language backgrounds and abilities through the content areas. Social, legal, and ethical issues affecting the instructional use of technology. Curriculum development; current standards; inclusion of students with disabilities; and assessment. No prior computing experience necessary. Integrated field experience. PRE- or COREQ: ESC 409.
*ESC 431: Family & Consumer Studies.
ESC 432: Teaching Mathematics in Middle and High School. 3 hours, lecture; 2 hours, lab; 4 credits. 30 hours fieldwork required. Introduction to methods and materials for teaching mathematics in middle and high school, overview of curriculum, current standards, lesson planning; instructional strategies, uses of technology, problem solving; assessment, inclusion of special student populations, and literacy development in mathematics. PREREQ: A cumulative index of 3.0 or better in ESC 301, 302, 409, 429; completion at least 50 percent of the credits in the student's major, with a minimum 2.7 cumulative G.P.A.; submission of scores on the New York State L.A.S.T. examination to the Division of Education Office.
ESC 433: Teaching World History to Middle and High School Students. 3 hours, lecture; 25 hours, fieldwork in a middle or high school, 4 credits. Methods of teaching world history to urban middle and high school students. Critical examination of the roles of both content and teachers in an urban classroom.
ESC 434: Teaching Social Studies in Middle and High School. 3 hours, lecture; 2 hours, lab; 4 credits. 30 hours fieldwork required. Introduction to current theory on curriculum, alternate views on scope and sequence, lesson planning, and national and State standards. Uses of technology and reviews of relevant software, alternative teaching strategies, different types of assessment, inclusion of special student populations, and literacy development in social studies. PREREQ: A cumulative index of 3.0 or better in ESC 301, 302, 409, 429; completion of at least 50 percent of the credits in the student's major, with a minimum 2.7 cumulative G.P.A.; and submission of scores on the New York State L.A.S.T. examination to the Division of Education office.
*ESC 435: Speech.
*ESC 436: Clerical Subjects.
ESC 437: Teaching Health in Middle and High School. 3 hours, lecture; 2, lab; 4 credits. 30 hours fieldwork required. Methods and materials for teaching health at the middle and high school levels. Curriculum development; use of relevant technology; developing multicultural literacy through language arts in the health curriculum; current standards; instructional strategies; inclusion of special populations; and assessment. Includes fieldwork under faculty supervision. PREREQ: A cumulative index of 3.0 or better in ESC 301, 302, 409, and 429; completion of 50 percent of the credits in a State-accredited health major, with a minimum overall cumulative G.P.A. of 2.7; and submission of scores on the New York State L.A.S.T. examination to the Division of Education Office.
*ESC 440: Puerto Rican Studies (also PRS 440)
*ESC 442: Teaching Environmental Science. 3 hours, 3 credits. Studies of selected materials, methods, and techniques of environmental education appropriate for teachers of middle school, high school, and adult education courses. PREREQ: ESC 301. COREQ: Students who take ESC 442 and a course numbered ESC 414 to 440 during the same semester are required to take only one course —either ESC 476 or 477.
*ESC 443: The Systematic Design of Instruction for Business and Industry. 3 hours, 3 credits. The systematic method of designing training courses and programs in business and industry. PREREQ: ESC 301.
*ESC 444: Delivering Instruction in Business and Industry. 3 hours, 3 credits. Principles and practices of delivering instruction to adult learner populations in corporate settings. Emphasis on using presentation techniques. Students plan and deliver instruction. PREREQ: ESC 443 and either SPE 100, SPE 203, or an equivalent introductory speech course.
*ESC 445: Recreation Studies.
ESC 462: Teaching Language Arts in Languages Other than English. 3 hours, lecture; 2 hours, lab; 4 credits. 30 hours fieldwork required. Methods, materials, and assessment for developing literacy through language arts in a language other than English at the middle and high school levels. Curriculum development; use of relevant technology and software; current standards; instructional strategies; inclusion of special populations; assessment. Fieldwork under supervision. PREREQ: A combined index of 3.0 or better in ESC 301, 302, and 409; completion of at least 50 percent of the credits in a foreign language major, with a minimum 2.7 G.P.A.; and submission of scores on the New York State L.A.S.T. examination to the Division of Education Office. PRE- or COREQ: ESC 424.
ESC 470: Student Teaching in the Middle and High School Grades. One semester of full-time supervised student teaching, minimum two experiences of 20 days each (or other approved experiences); 6 credits. Student teaching in the middle and high school grades, plus a weekly seminar. PREREQ: Completion of appropriate Content Area Teaching Methods course(s), with a B or better; maintenance of overall G.P.A. of at least 2.7; submission of scores on the L.A.S.T. and A.T.S.-W. Teacher Certification Examination to the Division Office; Departmental permission; and approval from the Professional Development Network Coordinator.
Notes: (1.)Student teaching on both the middle and high school level is required for State certification in English, social studies, foreign languages, science, and mathematics. Students seeking certification in music, health, art, and speech language pathology must complete a K-12 student teaching experience and should see the undergraduate advisor in the Department of Middle and High School Education for advisement. New York State may add this requirement for other subjects, so students are advised to consult their advisors in this Department regularly. (2.)Student teaching requires formal application and approval the semester before the course is to be taken. It is the student's responsibility to check with the Professional Development Network Coordinator for meeting and application dates early in the prior semester.
ESC 475: Community Change Model: Creating New Communities. 4 hours, 3 credits (2 hours, lecture, 2 hours, lab). Examination, design and implementation of the Community Change Model as a means to engage youth and adults in analyzing and addressing community problems and concern. Community surveys, interviews and focus groups will be conducted. PREREQ: Permission of the Instructor.