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S

salient: any solid convex shape that juts out from something
sally port: a small controlled space, such as a fortification or prison
Second Empire Style:  Dominant internationally during the second half of the 19th century.  Although many variations exist, general characteristics can be identified: building is large, often stands free; has a square or nearly square plan with rooms figured axially; use of classicist details; a high, often concave or convex mansard roof (having two slopes on all sides with the lower slope steeper than the upper one; pavilions extend forward at the ends.
segmental arch:  An arch that is not a complete semi-circle.
scroll: An ornament consisting of a spirally wound band, often a running ornament or like the volutes (spiral elements) of the Ionic capital.
Shingle Style:  Considered an Americanization of Queen Anne style.  Highlights include continuous wood shingle surfaces; wavy wall surfaces; extensive porches; eyebrow dormers; rusticated stone; and round arches.
side lights: Window to the side of a door or window, usually very narrow.
slates: Thin layers of rock used for roofing.
soffit:  The underside on an arch, opening, or overhanging projection. 
spandrel:  The roughly triangular wall space between two adjacent arches.
Spanish style:  Popular from 1915 to about 1940, these homes usually have these features:  low-pitched roof; red roof tiles; little or no overhanging eaves; stucco siding, arches, especially above doors, porch entries and main windows.
spire:  An elongated pointed structure that rises from a tower, turret, or roof.
steeple:  A tall tower that forms the superstructure of a building (usually a church or temple) and that tapers to a point at the top.
Stick Style: This late Victorian style has simulated timber frame boards usually framing stucco or clapboards. Wide overhangs with brackets and exposed rafter ends are common. Many have porches and balconies with "gingerbread" trim.
stringcourse:  A continuous projecting horizontal band set in the surface of a wall and usually molded.
strut:             A structural element used to brace or strengthen a framework by resisting longitudinal compression.
stucco:   A mixture of cement, sand, and water spread over metal screening or chicken wire on wooden walls covered with tar paper.
stud:  A vertical wood support in a frame wall.
stylized:  Using artistic forms and conventions to create effects; not natural or spontaneous.
swags: An ornamental festoon of flowers or fruit usually a carving or plaster molding of such an ornament.

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